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Vertical evacuation as a tsunami risk mitigation measure in Chile

Series of policy papers CIGIDEN 2019

3 January, 2021
in Policy papers, Publications
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Researchers and postdoctoral:
Rodrigo Cienfuegos
Natalia Zamora
Jorge León
Sebastián Castro
Alejandra Gubler
Rosita Jünemann
Research line:
L2. Surface water processes and associated hazards
L3. Risk and resilience of complex systems and networks
Publication topic:
Risk analysis and mitigation
Publication theme:
Evacuation processes
Date:
2019
Publication link:
Link
Abstract:

CIGIDEN has studied in detail the possible effects of earthquakes and tsunamis on the coastal edge of Chile, making crosses between variables of intensity of these threats with evacuation conditions. The scenarios analyzed account for the need to advance regulations and standards that allow vertical evacuation to be incorporated into the mitigation options that the authority may consider. In this document, we summarize some background that shows the state of the art of the potential for tsunami evacuation in coastal cities, making, by way of example, a diagnosis for Viña del Mar. To this end, we contextualize the threat of tsunamis presented by the central coast of Chile, analyzing the current evacuation strategies in the area, contrasting them with the alternative of evacuating vertically.

The results of this diagnosis motivated a review of international experience with vertical evacuation, which is complemented by recent experiences of the impact of tsunamis on buildings designed under Chilean regulations. Based on the research carried out, recommendations were made regarding the criteria that should be considered before implementing vertical evacuation plans at the national level.

First, morphological characteristics should be taken into account: (1) the site of sites for the construction of vertical evacuation buildings; (2) the minimum amount of evacuation area to be provided of at least 0.93 m2 per person in accordance with FEMA recommendations (2008); (3) an adequate number of accesses with appropriate characteristics (visibility from the outside, dimensions) should be envisaged; and (4) an internal circulation system suitable for operation should be included.

Second, the characteristics of occupation and management: (1) the free access of the population during an emergency should be ensured; (2) trained personnel must be in place to guide the population; (3) a tax subsidy or reduction programme should be established in the case of private buildings used as shelters; (4) a regular review programme is required
for these buildings; and (5) citizen linkage and participation strategies should be established to promote the good use and care of these infrastructures.

Third, structural considerations of buildings must be verified to ensure proper performance against the effects of the earthquake and tsunami. Finally, the fourth aspect to consider is the assessment of the geotechnical response conditions of the soil. The recommendations presented above aim to contribute to discussions regarding the definition of criteria, regulations or standards that allow the implementation of vertical evacuation in Chile.

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  • ABOUT US
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    • TEAM
    • RESEARCHERS
      • RESEARCHERS
      • SUPPORT STAFF
      • POSTDOCTORAL
    • EXPERT GUIDE 2020
  • RESEARCH
      • L1. Solid Earth Processes and Associated Hazards
      • L2. Surface Water Processes and Associated Hazards
      • L3. Risk and Resilience of Complex Systems and Networks
      • L4. Disaster Cultures and Risk Governance
      • L5. Socio-Economic Assessment of disasters and Mitigation Strategies for Resilient Critical Infrastructure Systems
      • L6. Citizen governance
  • SCIENCE COMMUNICATION
      • NEWS
          • CIGIDEN discussion series will address Disaster Risk Management in a pandemic context

            CIGIDEN discussion series will address Disaster Risk Management in a pandemic context

            Scientific analysis identifies communes with more rain damage in Santiago’s urban areas

            Scientific analysis identifies communes with more rain damage in Santiago’s urban areas

            GADRI letter: How will risks and disaster research help us overcome COVID-19?

            GADRI letter: How will risks and disaster research help us overcome COVID-19?

            Researchers identify worst-affected communes by economic risks of COVID-19

            Researchers identify worst-affected communes by economic risks of COVID-19

            Study addresses flash flooding due to extended and heavy rains in Santiago

            Study addresses flash flooding due to extended and heavy rains in Santiago

            Rio Maipo wetland: “Front Line” of protection against extreme waves, storms and tsunamis on the coast

            Rio Maipo wetland: “Front Line” of protection against extreme waves, storms and tsunamis on the coast

      • IN THE MEDIA
          • UC supports chañaral reconstruction: Learn about the contributions the institution has made in Atacama

            UC supports chañaral reconstruction: Learn about the contributions the institution has made in Atacama

      • SOCIAL MEDIA GRAPHICS AND VIDEOS
          • Terremoto en México (en)

            Terremoto en México (en)

      • COLUMNS
          • Chile and Covid-19: we start from scratch

            Chile and Covid-19: we start from scratch

            How to govern a disaster? Dialogue, collaboration and democracy

            How to govern a disaster? Dialogue, collaboration and democracy

            Everyone should act as if we already have the virus

            Everyone should act as if we already have the virus

            Tsunami vertical evacuation should be an option in Chile

            Tsunami vertical evacuation should be an option in Chile

            Waterspouts, disasters and ecological culture

            Waterspouts, disasters and ecological culture

            ¡Welcome to Chile Greta!

            ¡Welcome to Chile Greta!

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